Welcome to TiddlyWiki created by Jeremy Ruston, Copyright © 2007 UnaMesa Association
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To get started with this blank TiddlyWiki, you'll need to modify the following tiddlers:
* SiteTitle & SiteSubtitle: The title and subtitle of the site, as shown above (after saving, they will also appear in the browser title bar)
* MainMenu: The menu (usually on the left)
* DefaultTiddlers: Contains the names of the tiddlers that you want to appear when the TiddlyWiki is opened
You'll also need to enter your username for signing your edits: <<option txtUserName>>
These InterfaceOptions for customising TiddlyWiki are saved in your browser
Your username for signing your edits. Write it as a WikiWord (eg JoeBloggs)
<<option txtUserName>>
<<option chkSaveBackups>> SaveBackups
<<option chkAutoSave>> AutoSave
<<option chkRegExpSearch>> RegExpSearch
<<option chkCaseSensitiveSearch>> CaseSensitiveSearch
<<option chkAnimate>> EnableAnimations
----
Also see AdvancedOptions
[img[./images/logo_art_mini.jpg]]soon to come ...
<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:2em;line-height:0.8em;France>>
[img[./maps/france.gif]]
!Grenoble
| [img[./logos/LNCMI.png]] |width:50em;''CNRS'' <html><br></html> ''LNCMI - Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses'' <html><br></html> LNCMI is a user oriented facility to provide access to high magnetic fields. [[More|Gamas LNCMI]]... <html><br></html>http://lncmi.cnrs.fr |
|borderless|k
| [img[./logos/CRETA_logo.jpg]] |width:50em;''CNRS'' <html><br></html>''CRETA - Consortium de Recherches pour l'Emergence de Technologies Avancées'' <html><br></html> CRETA had developed high temperature processing in high magnetic fields. [[More|Gamas CRETA]] ... <html><br></html>http://creta.grenoble.cnrs.fr |
|borderless|k
| [img[./logos/SIMAP_logo.gif]] |width:50em;''Grenoble INP - UJF - CNRS'' <html><br></html>''SIMAP - Science et Ingénierie, des ~MAtériaux et Procédés'' <html><br></html> SIMAP... [[More||Gamas SIMAP]]... <html><br></html>http://simap.grenoble-inp.fr|
|borderless|k
!Lyon
''ECL - Lyon 1 - CNRS - INSA Lyon''
''LMFA - Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique''
Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique
Ecole Centrale de Lyon
36 avenue ~Guy-de-Collongue
69134 ECULLY cedex
France
http://www.lmfa.ec-lyon.fr
!Nancy
''NANCY 1 - INPL - U. METZ''
''Institut Jean Lamour''
Institut Jean Lamour
INSTITUT NATIONAL POLYTECHNIQUE DE LORRAINE NANCY
Ecole des Mines de Nancy
Parc de saurupt - CS
BP 14234
54042 NANCY CEDEX
http://www.uhp-nancy.fr/
!Poitiers
''ENSMA poitiers - U. Poitiers - CNRS''
''LET - Laboratoire d'Etudes thermiques''
LET
ECOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE DE MECANIQUE ET D'AEROTECHNIQUE DE POITIERS
Téléport 2
1 Av. Clément Ader
BP 40109
86961 FUTUROSCOPE CEDEX
http://www.let.ensma.fr
!Paris
''PARIS 7 - CNRS''
''MSC - Laboratoire de Matière et Systèmes Complexes''
MSC
UNIVERSITE DENIS DIDEROT PARIS 7
Bâtiment Condorcet - CC 7056
10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet
75205 PARIS CEDEX 13
http://www.msc.univ-paris7.fr
''PARIS 6 - ESPCI Paris - CNRS''
''PECSA - Physicochimie des Electrolytes, Colloïdes et Sciences Analytiques''
PECSA
UNIVERSITE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE PARIS 6
~CC51 - Bâtiment F/74
4, Place Jussieu
75252 PARIS CEDEX 05
http://www.upmc.fr/
!Reims
''U. of Reims ~Champagne-Ardennes''
''~LACM-DTI - Laboratoire Analyse des Contraintes ~Mécaniques-Dynamique des Transferts aux Interfaces''
~LACM-DTI
UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles
Moulin de la Housse – BP 1039
51687 REIMS cedex 2
http://www.univ-reims.fr
<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:2em;line-height:0.8em;LNCMI>>
''ROLE IN GAMAS:'' [>img[./images/14helix_mini.jpg]]
LNCMI is a large scale facility of the CNRS that provides access to searchers who wish to perform experiments under high magnetic field conditions. Around 4000 hours of magnet time are distributed each year to the scientific community after acceptation by the “program committee” that meets twice a year.
Next deadline for application will be in November 2009 for experiments to be performed during the first semester of 2010. Precise dates are given on lncmi website.
In the frame of GDRE GAMAS, participants are encouraged to develop experiments under high field s that could be of original scientific interest. All magnets have a solenoid geometry with main axis vertical.
Fields up to 35 T in 34 mm, 20 T in 160 mm or 10 T in 376 mm are available(see website for the complete list of configuration). As the running costs associated to these configurations are large and their access very selective it is strongly advice :
- to perform preliminary experiments at low or moderate fields,
- to apply for medium field configurations (e.g. 13 T in 130mm or 20 T in 50 mm)
- to consider superconducting magnets available at CRETA (12 T in 50 mm in vertical or horizontal configuration ) for long time duration experiments.
Once accepted by the program committee, the searcher and the local contact will plan their experiments. Typically, it is a one to two weeks duration with field available 5 or 6 hours a day.
Due to planning constrains you may work at night or during week ends.
''Contact:''
François Debray
LNCMI
BP 166
38042 GRENOBLE Cedex 9
France
The GDRE GAMAS is composed of the research [[Partners]] units being either founding members or subsequent members.
The GDRE has one [[Coordinator]] and one deputy coordinator per country.
The GAMAS coordinator chairs a [[Scientific Management Committee]], composed of representatives of the participating research units. The Scientific Management Committee reports on the progress of the work being carried out, evaluates the human and budgetary needs, approves the provisional budget and proposes the admission of subsequent members.
A [[Steering Committee]] including representatives of all members countries advises on the management of the GDRE resources, its scientific project, its progress, adopts the budget, decides to admit subsequent members and reach decisions on all matters concerning the GDRE.
<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:2em;line-height:0.8em;Germany>>
[img[./maps/germany.gif]]
!Dresden
''Forschungszentrum ~Dresden-Rossendorf''
''Institute of Safety Research - Department Magnetohydrodynamics''
Forschungszentrum ~Dresden-Rossendorf
Department Magnetohydrodynamics
POB 51 01 19
01314 Dresden
Germany
[[MHD Laboratory | http://www.fzd.de/db/Cms?pNid=226]]
''Technische Universität Dresden''
''Institute of Fluid Mechanics''
Institut für Strömungsmechanik
Fakultät Maschinenwesen
TU Dresden
~Helmholtz-Straße 10
01069 Dresden
Germany
[[Institute of Fluid Mechanics TUD|http://tu-dresden.de/die_tu_dresden/fakultaeten/fakultaet_maschinenwesen/ism]]
''IFW Dresden''
''Institute for Metallic Materials''
IFW Dresden
Helmholzstr. 20
01069 Dresden
Germany
http://www.ifw-dresden.de/institutes/imw
!Ilmenau
''TU Ilmenau''
''Thermo- and Magnetofluiddynamics''
TU Ilmenau
Ehrenbergstraße 29
98693 Ilmenau
Germany
[[TU Ilmenau Thermo- and Magnetofluiddynamics | http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/fakmb/1029+M54099f70862.0.html]]
!Hanover
''Leibniz Universität Hannover''
''Institute of Electrotechnology''
Leibniz Universität Hannover
~Wilhem-Busch-Str. 4
30167 Hannover
Germany
http://www.uni-hannover.de/en/index.php
!Karlsruhe
''Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe''
''MHD Liquid Metal Lab. (MEKKA) and Liquid Metal Lab. (KALLA)''
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
Weberstraße 5
76133 Karlsruhe
Germany
http://www.fzk.de
<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:3em;line-height:0.8em;Welcome>>
Welcome to the ~Magneto-Science website, a new portal initiated by the GAMAS European Research Network, "Group for the Applications of the ~MAgneto-Sciences".
GAMAS ([[What is GAMAS ?]]) is a european research network created by [[CNRS|http://www.cnrs.fr]] in january 2008 to connect european scientists ([[Partners]]) in the field of magneto-science ([[Wiki|http://magnetoscience.org/wiki.html]]).
The magneto-science.org portal aims at promoting this new emerging field ([[Publications]], [[Arts]]) and is willing to share informations and to open discussions ([[Forum|http://magnetoscience.org/forum/]]) with the whole international scientific community.
<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:2em;line-height:0.8em;Israel>>
[img[./maps/israel.gif]]
!~Beer-Sheva
''Ben Gurion University of the Negev''
Ben Gurion University of the Negev
P.O.B. 653
~Beer-Sheva 84105
Israel
http://web.bgu.ac.il/Eng/Home/
!Holon
''Holon Institute of Technology''
''Plasma Laboratory''
HIT - Plasma Laboratory
52 Golomb str.
Holon, 58102
Israel
http://www.hit.ac.il
<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:2em;line-height:0.8em;Italy - Consortium for ~MagnetoFluid Dynamics>>
[img[./maps/italy.gif]]
!Trieste
''University of Trieste''
''Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica''
Unievrsity of Trieste
Piazzale Europa 1
I-34127
Trieste
Italy
http://www.dmi.units.it/
''International School for Advanced Studies''
''Astrophysical Group''
SISSA
via Beirut 2-4
34014 Trieste
ITALY
http://www.sissa.it/main/
''International Center for Theoretical Physics''
ICTP
Strada Costiera 11
34014 Trieste
Italy
http://www.ictp.it/
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[img[./maps/latvia.gif]]
!Riga
''U. Latvia - Latvian Academy of Sciences''
''IPUL - Institute of Physics, University of Latvia''
IPUL
32 Miera iela, Salaspils-1
~LV-2169 LATVIA
http://www.iph.sal.lv
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!Soon online !
[img[./logos/CNRS.jpg]]
[[Home Page]]
[[What is GAMAS ?]]
[[News]]
[[Magneto-Science Wiki|http://magnetoscience.org/wiki.html]]
[[Publications]]
[[Forum|http://magnetoscience.org/forum/]]
[[Arts]]
[[Partners]]
[[Making of this Site|Making of]]
<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:3em;line-height:0.8em;Making of>>
This site has been designed with [[TiddlyWiki|http://www.tiddlywiki.com]], and is self-contained in a single html file (with pictures in a separate folder) that is fully dowloaded on your browser once you open it.
Pages are in fact short pieces of information, or so-called "tiddlers", that are displayed as you click on the link. On top right of each tiddler a special menu allows you to close it or all others. You can also access the full code with the "view" item.
Tiddlers can also be accessed through the right hand menu, including all tiddlers that define the appearence and behaviour of the whole site.
"~Magneto-Science Wiki"and "Arts" will be soon designed as separate tiddlers, which can be individualy dowloaded and simply distributed on USB keys.
About "Publications", nothing is decided yet !
"Forum" is a separate page made with [[phpBB|http://phpbb.com]]. Reading is open to any visitor, but contributing will be - at least for the beginning - limited to scientists affiliated to the magneto-science.org project.
<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:3em;line-height:0.8em;Hot News>>
!Call of Proposal
Some of the PHC programs between France and european countries are still open. These programs can support travel and lodging expenses for exchange scientists.
|Country|Program Name|Submission Dead Line|
|Germany|PROCOPE|May 29th, 2009|
|Italy|GALILEE|May 29th, 2009|
|Latvia|OSMOSE|June 5th, 2009|
|Poland|POLONIIUM|June 5th, 2009|
|Slovakia|STEFANIK|June 22th, 2009|
more information on [[EGIDE website|http://www.egide.asso.fr/jahia/Jahia/accueil/appels/phc/appelphc]]
<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:3em;line-height:0.8em;News>>
[img[./images/academy.jpg]]
The last ''GAMAS training school'' was held in ''Riga'', ''18-22 May 2009''
[[more...|RigaSchool2009]]
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[img[./images/banner_Magneto Science.png]]
The next ''International Conference on Magneto Science'' will be held in ''Nijmegen, the Netherlands'' from ''26-29 October 2009''.
[[more...|NewsMS2009]]
<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:3em;line-height:0.8em;News>>
[img[./images/banner_Magneto Science.png]]
The next ''International Conference on Magneto Science'' will be held in ''Nijmegen, the Netherlands'' from ''26-29 October 200''.
~Magneto-Science 2009 is a continuation of a successful series of International Conferences on ~Magneto-Science in 2005 (Yokohama) and 2007 (Hiroshima), and is the first Magneto Science conference to be held in Europe. The aim of the meeting is to bring together a large number of world-leading scientists in the field of Magneto Science; to provide a timely update of this relatively new research area; to generate new ideas; and to initiate new collaborations amongst the participants.
Further and updated details about the conference organization, the committees, submission of abstracts, deadlines, etc. can be found on the official website:
http://www.hfml.science.ru.nl/magnetoscience2009
Contact:
Magneto Science 2009
HFML Secretariat
Toernooiveld 7
6525 ED Nijmegen
The Netherlands
Tel: +31 24 3652087
Fax: +31 24 3652440
Email: magnetoscience@science.ru.nl
!!Important dates:
First Announcement: January 30th, 2009
Second Announcement/Call for papers: March 30th, 2009
Abstract submission deadline: June 5th, 2009
Abstract acceptance notification: July 3rd, 2009
Early-registration deadline: August 15th, 2009
!!Scope and location
The conference will be held in the Auditorium of the Radboud University Nijmegen.
The conference will include invited lectures, contributed presentations and posters, covering the following topics:
*magnetic field effects on chemical, physical and biological phenomena
*magnetic processing of materials
*magnetic orientation
*diamagnetic levitation
*the magneto-Archimedes effect
*spin chemistry
*magneto-thermodynamic effects
*magneto-electro-chemistry
*micro-MHD effect
*magnetic separation and purification
*magneto-crystallization
*magnetic field induced phase transitions
*material properties in high magnetic fields
*novel magnetic phenomena
*magneto-biology
!!Organising committee
Peter Christianen
Hans Engelkamp
Jan Kees Maan
Ine Verhaegh Conference Office
!!Programme committee
Eric Beaugnon Grenoble, France
Laurence Eaves Nottingham, UK
Peter J. Hore Oxford, UK
Tsunehisa Kimura Kyoto, Japan
Jan Kees Maan (Chair) Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Iwao Mogi Sendai, Japan
James Valles – Providence, USA
!!International Advisory Board ISCM
Eric Beaugnon Grenoble, France
Andreas Bund Dresden, Germany
Peter J. Hore Oxford, UK
Tsunehisa Kimura Kyoto, Japan
Jan Kees Maan Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Sumio Ozeki Matsumoto, Japan
Zhongming Ren Shanghai, China
Justin Schwartz Tallahassee, USA
Peng Shang Xian, China
Dmitri V. Stass Novosibirsk, Russia
Yoshifumi Tanimoto Osaka, Japan
Hitoshi Wada Kashiwa, Japan
Masuhiro Yamaguchi (Chair) Yokohama, Japan
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<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:3em;line-height:0.8em;Partners>>
GAMAS network includes labs from Europe and partners countries.
Details and links may be found per country as listed below the europe map.
[>img[./maps/europe.gif]]
*[[France]]
*[[Latvia]]
*[[Germany]]
*[[Poland]]
*[[Israel]]
*[[Italy]]
*[[Slovakia]]
<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:2em;line-height:0.8em;Poland>>
[img[./maps/poland.gif]]
!Krakow
''AGH University of Science and Technology''
''Dept. of Physical Chemistry and Metallurgy, Faculty of Non Ferrous Metals''
AGH
Dept. of Physical Chemistry and Metallurgy
A. Mickiewicza 30
30-059 Kraków
Poland
http://galaxy.uci.agh.edu.pl/~wmn/
''AGH University of Science and Technology''
''Dept. of Process Engineering, Faculty of Non Ferrous Metals''
AGH
Dept. of Process Engineering
A. Mickiewicza 30
30-059 Kraków
Poland
http://www.ktipm.agh.edu.pl
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! Still under construction !
<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:3em;line-height:0.8em;Training School 2009>>
The GAMAS network will organize the first training school on magneto-science in Riga, Latvia, May 18-22 2009.
!Preliminary program
!!Monday, 18th May : Fundamental
09h00-09h30 Welcoming, //Antoine Alemany//
09h30-10h00 Introduction
10h00-10h15 Break
10h15-12h30 Lectures
*MHD Homogeneous turbulence at weak magnetic Reynolds number, //A. Alemany, SIMAP, Grenoble, France//
*Introduction to phase-space Lagrangian methods in turbulence theory, // M. Tessarotto, Department of Mathematics and Informatics University of Trieste, Italy//
12h30-14h00 Lunch
14h00-16h30 Lectures
*MHD theory with application to astrophysics and space physics, //M. Mond, Il, Department of Mechanical Engineering ~Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva, Israel//
*Laboratory experiments on MHD Dynamo, //A. Gailitis, Lv, IPUL, ~LV-2169 Miera 32, Salaspils, Latvia//
16h30-16h45 Break
16h45-18h00 Lecture
*Instability in MHD, //A Bouabdellah, Al University of Science and Technology Houari Boumedienne, Algiers, Algeria//
!!Tuesday 19th May, Intense magnetic field and EPM
08h30-09h45 Lecture
*Magnetic fields for Magneto Sciences, // F. Debray, CNRS, Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, France//
09h45-10h15 General presentation of EPM.
10h15-10h30 Break
10h30-12h45 Lectures :
*Measuring, Modelling and Magnetic Control of Liquid Metal Flows, //G. Gerbeth, Forschungszentrum ~Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden Germany//
*Consumable electrode remelting (~ESR-VAR) applied to the processing of steel, Ni-based alloys and titanium, // A. Jardy, Institut Jean Lamour, Nancy, France//
12h45-14h00 Lunch
14h00-16h30 Lectures
*Electrolysis cells of aluminium, //J. Freibers, IPUL, Salaspils, Latvia//
*Electromagnetic methods and devices for melting, transportation, stirring and preparation of Al-alloys, //Y. Gelgat, IPUL, Salaspils, Latvia//
16h30-16h45 Break
16h45-18h00 Lecture
*Magnetic stabilization of convective melt flows: Results and analysis, //D. Henry,Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique, Lyon, France//
20h00 Gala dinner.
!!Wednesday, 20th May : Magneto electrolysis
8h30-09h00 General introduction of the topic
09h00-12h30 Lectures
*Electrochemical Flow Diagnostics: application to studding of MHD effects, //S. Martemianov, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France//
*Modification of composition, morphology and structure of metals and alloys by electro-deposition under magnetic field,//P. Zabinski, AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of ~Non-Ferrous Metals, Krakow, Poland//
*Efficient forces during Magneto electrolysis, // J.P Chopart, ~LACM-DTI, Reims, France//
12h30-14h00 Lunch.
14h00-18h00 Visit of IPUL
!!Thursday, 21th May: Magnetic fluid and nano particles.
08h30-09h00 General presentation of the topic
09h00-10h15 Lecture :
*Soft magnetic micro machines, // A. Cebers, Institute of Physics, Salaspils, Latvia//
10h15-10h30 Break
10h30-11h45 Lecture
*Heat and Mass Transfer in Magnetic Nanocolloids, // E. Blums, IPUL, Salaspils, Latvia//
12h00-14h00 Lunch
14h00-16h30 Lectures
*Magnetic nano and micro-objects and their applications, //R. Perzynski, PECSA, Paris, France //
*Structure and dynamics of ferrofluids : towards ferrofluids in liquid metals, //E. Dubois, PECSA, Paris, France//
16h30 Break
Friday, 22th May : Magneto Static
08h30-09h00 General presentation of the topic
09h00-10h15 Lecture :
*Field effects in solid state transformations and in solidification, E. Beaugnon, CRETA, Grenoble, France
10h15-10h30 Break
10h30-11h45 Lecture
*Tailoring of functional properties of magnetic materials by thermal processing in external static magnetic field, //I Skorvanek, Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Applied Magnetism Institute of Experimental Physics, Kosice, Slovakia//
12h00-14h00 Lunch and end of the school
14h00-17h00 Cultural/Tourist visist
A new portal for the international magneto-science scientific community
GAMAS@
magneto-science.org
http://www.tiddlywiki.com/
<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:2em;line-height:0.8em;Slovakia>>
[img[./maps/slovakia.gif]]
!Košice
''Slovak Academy of Sciences''
''Institute of Experimental Physics - Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Applied Magnetism''
IEP SAS
Watsonova 47
040 01 Košice
Slovakia
http://www.saske.sk/Uef/
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!Intense Magnetic Field
To achieve high magnetic fields, superconducting magnets (either liquid helium cooled or cryogen free) are a good solution for B up to about 10 T with ~NbTi and 20 T in small diameter with ~Nb3Sn or ~Nb3Al.
Higher continuous magnetic fields (up to 35 T in 34 mm) or magnetic fields in a larger space (up to 20 T in 160 mm) are available in Grenoble at the Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, LNCMI, CNRS UPR 3228 and CRETA, CNRS UPS 2070. Large field gradients, of the order of 10 to 100 T/m, can be achieved in the vicinity of these magnets.
These Magnetic Fields are available to researchers mainly of the European Union and associated countries.
The magnet development is user driven and is actually pushed by the development of NMR studies under high magnetic fields and by the possibility to develop high field split magnet that enables scattering studies (with laser, neutron or synchrotron radiation).
Design of dedicated magnets for Magnetoscience purposes with uniform grad B or uniform grad B2 can be considered in the frame of GAMAS GDRE.
The LNCMI and CRETA will in the frame of this transversal WP 1 of the GDRE promote the use of high magnetic fields in the four domains of the GDRE namely, Magneto static, Applied MHD, Magnetic fluids and Magneto electrolysis. The facility in LNCMI is dedicated to experiments with the highest fields, while the superconducting magnets in CRETA are more devoted to long duration experiments in large bore but reduced fields (8 and 11 T). LNCMI and CRETA will encourage scientists of the others group to perform unique experiments in high magnetic field conditions in order to explore new frontiers of magneto-sciences. In addition, CRETA policy encourages the applications of magneto-sciences and promotes industrial collaboration.
The proposals will be twice a year reviewed by the program committee of LNCMI following the classical procedure of this large scale facility.
In the duration of the GDRE the new scientific investigations that will be led will contribute to identify the special requirement for future magnets and instrumentations that will be relevant for the development of magneto science (e.g.: split magnet, magnetic table, high gradient magnet, rotating magnet etc.. ).
!~Magneto-Static
~Magneto-Static studies deal with the effects of a static magnetic field on a magnetized material. Those interactions arise without (or in addition to) the coupling between an electric current and the magnetic field. In most cases, the material is weekly magnetic, being either paramagnetic or diamagnetic, so that the emergence of significant effects requires high field values, typically around 10 Tesla.
Once only achievable in high magnetic field facilities (in US, Europe and Japan), the magnetostatic community now benefits from commercially available superconducting with magnetic field typically between 10 and 20 Tesla. In addition, new superconducting magnets can now be fitted with a cryocooler which removes the need of cryogenic liquids (N2 and He). Thanks to this technical evolution, new experiments are now performed in many laboratories not specialized in the high field generation.
The influence of magnetic fields on matter is initiated by many different mechanisms and is observed from very large to very small scales.
At the macroscopic scale the magnetic force can simulate low gravity conditions via diamagnetic or Archimedes levitation. In a liquid with temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, the magnetic force can control convection. Conducting liquids suffer magneto-hydro-dynamic forces in both uniform and non-uniform fields. At the microscopic scale, magnetic torques and forces locally interact with small objects to overcome Brownian motion, leading to new microstructures through separation, orientation or dipole-dipole interactions. By handling fluids in microchannel devices, high magnetic forces (gradients) can also be generated with assemblies of conventional magnets. This approach opens new opportunities for magnetic manipulation and study of diamagnetic materials (polymer particles etc.) and biological entities (cells, DNA molecules etc.) with micrometer spatial control. At the atomic scale, thermodynamic effects are evidenced in solid-solid and solid-gas reactions. Effects on atomic diffusion have also been suggested.
The scientific community dealing with ~Magneto-Static (itself called "~Magneto-Science") is mostly active in Japan with at least 15 laboratories on the subject. Many conferences, domestic and international, also take place at least every year, the next one being "International Symposium on Magneto Science in Hiroshima in November 2007. In Europe, several laboratories are also very active, and for some of them, are already involved in common projects. Being part of the GAMAS project in the Magneto Static subject will help enhancing communication among them.
!Applied MHD
The magnetic field offers important range of applications involving fluid mechanics. The present document gives an over view in the domain of material processing and energy. The scientific problem is to analyse the magnetic field effect for application in the elaboration of materials as well as on new processes for energy saving and production. In these fields the considered magnetic field can be DC or AC, travelling or rotating, in some cases involving superconductors.
In the domain of material processing the new processes of material treatment are investigated using magnetic fields (existing or additional) to improve the quality, the competitivity, as well as to propose completely new technologies. This activity is at the intersection between several disciplines: mechanics, electromagnetism, physics and chemistry, and can be called magneto-hydro-physical- chemistry. It must be viewed as a new field of magnetic sciences because of the inherent coupling between the disciplines.
Non-exhaustive examples are proposed to illustrate the numerous domains concerned by magnetic field offering large possibilities of industrial applications.
They are materials subjected to AC induction systems, treatment of materials in fluid phase at high temperatures, thermal plasmas, vapour and ionic deposition, processes of biologic self organisation, elaboration of gels, etc
The AC or DC electric current and induced magnetic field, and sometimes interaction of these with external DC magnetic fields created by stirring coils, play a prominant role in controlling the behaviour of the consumable electrode remelting processes used in the production of high added-value metallic alloys for the aerospace industry and nuclear power plants.
Magnetic field, AC or DC can be used to control the crystal growth. It is one of the most active fields of research and brings very important application for the production of semi-conductor materials.
On some occasions the effect of magnetic field must be limited, or optimised, to control undesirable effects as it is in the case for electrolytic cells for aluminium production.
Magnetic fields are extensively used to control high-current electric arcs found in vacuum circuit breakers. The application of a magnetic field allows to ensure that the arc energy over the electrode surface is homogeneously distributed, wich is a key point for the current interruption to succeed.
In the energy domain there are many possibilities where involving magnetic field, AC or DC, travelling or rotating, in combination with other disciplines, could lead to new perspective solutions. AS for example, transport of material, power transmission, specific processes in the decantation or centrifugation, and also new processes for the energy production. The involved system can be completely static or dynamic. More examples can be mentioned: photovoltaic materials, treatment of the nuclear waste, water treatment, liquid metal transportation (EM pumps), MHD power generation…
There is also a range of important application in the domain of measurements within liquid metals by using no intrusive methods.
!Magnetic Forces in bio- and nanotechnologies
A part of the goal is to create new generation of particles possessing magnetic properties for diagnostics, therapy and transport.
Another new object with interesting applications in biomedicine are ghost viruses (empty virus coat without infectious nucleic acids) used as containers of magnetic nanoparticles for specific thermal treatment of cancer cells. Besides, protein wrapped magnetic nanoparticles can be used in different purification processes as magnetic beads, drug delivery and in detection of different bio-molecules as well.
Linking micro size functionalized superparamagnetic particles by DNA allow to obtain the semi-flexible filaments, which can self-propel in a liquid under the action of an AC magnetic field. These filaments can be used for carrying out transport properties and if introduced into the cell used for different micromanipulations. For this different technological goals should be achieved. Among them are: creation of magnetic filaments by linking magnetic nanoparticles produced by standard Massart co-precipitation reaction method. Ensembles of flexible magnetic filaments have interesting properties of magnetic relaxation spectrum since external field excite different deformation modes of filaments and cause straightening of thermal fluctuations, which should be studied experimentally and theoretically. Since flexible magnetic filaments allow one to create artificial systems mimicking the behavior of mechanisms used in living world, such as cooperative behavior of the cilia, then this opportunity will be studied theoretically and experimentally for an AC field driven system of the magnetic filaments interacting by hydrodynamic and magnetic forces
The mixing problem is of paramount importance in microfluidics. Application of magnetic interactions provides several original means. Since flexible magnetic filaments may be used, as shown previously theoretically for mixing in microfluidics then the efficiency of this mixing should be studied by numerical means. Another possibility provided by magnetic forces is a magnetic microconvection arising at the interface of two miscible liquids. The numerical tools for simulation of nonlinear stages of magnetic microconvection should be developed.
Some other developments of magnetic procedure at nano scale are also very important for medical applications. The assembly of filamentous polymers in a strong magnetic field can result in near perfect alignment. This technique has been particularly successful with a number of relatively rigid biological polymers. Of these biopolymers, fibrin (the blood clot polymer) and collagen (the main protein of connective tissue) stand out as being of particular interest because they are both interact intimately with cells in vivo and they have been incorporated into numerous man-made biomaterials having medical and cosmetic applications. Orientation endows these polymers with properties, which, at least in some cases, better mimic those of physiological relevance. The development of new biomaterials is therefore a possibility. Recently we have created a tissue-engineered corneal stroma (Torbet et al 2007; European patent application N°06291473.4), which will soon be grafted into eyes rabbits in collaboration with clinical ophthalmologists. Magnetically oriented scaffolds can also help in the in vitro study of cellular process such as contact guidance and extracellular matrix deposition. Although the applications described above are in their infancy they do show great promise.
!Magneto Electrolysis and Fuel Cells
The main researches are focused on basic investigations and fundamental understanding of electrodeposition of magnetic metals and alloys in homogeneous magnetic fields.
Magnetically induced convective effects in the bulk and in the microscale close to the electrode have to be investigated for all directions of the magnetic field toward the electrode surface. A magnetic field applied parallel to the surface of the electrode generates convection (MHD effect) of the electrolyte; it results in a laminar flow on the surface of the electrode which reduces the diffusion layer and increases the concentration gradients and the deposition rate. Overlapping convective effects were found in magnetic fields oriented perpendicular to the surface depending strongly on the geometry of the cell and the experimental setup. The analysis and visualisation of the flow by different methods (LDA, PVI) and numerical simulation are strongly required for the deposition of layers with defined microstructure and physical properties in cooperation with the other WGs. Convection generated by applied magnetic field changes of the grain size and morphology and influences the texture and phase formation of the deposits depending on the electrochemical system and field strength. These various effects can be caused at the same time by the above mentioned convection but also by the magnetic properties of the deposits, when the field is superimposed and the grain grow in the direction of the easier magnetization.
The electrodeposition can be strongly affected by the addition of nivellant agents or brighteners in the electrolytic bath. Practically all the commercial baths used in electrodeposition contain organic additives. However, the presence of this type of compounds that can be incorporated in the alloys, which degrades the magnetic properties considerably and affects the reduction of hydrogen or the corrosion resistance. Reducing this agents by superimposition of magnetic fields is one challenge. Thus, using tailored magnetic fields may result in alloys having better catalytic properties for hydrogen evolution (fuel cell) or in new materials with defined physical properties for new applications particularly in the semiconductor or sensor industry. An other important topic deals with the corrosion behaviour of permanent magnets itself and of materials which are in contact with them. The knowledge is still low and the corrosion is strongly affected by field gradients.
Magnetic fields act also on electrochemical systems involving organic components. There have been very few studies on the effects of magnetic fields on electroorganic synthetic systems, although the transient intermediacy of potentially paramagnetic odd-electron species, and/or ionic species, including ions and ion-radicals, offers opportunity for mechanistic discrimination in multipathway reaction systems. It is known that ultrasound can substantially alter products and other electrochemical phenomena, by in the first instance altering the build-up of concentration regimes by affecting mass transport, but without the opportunity for coupling of the perturbatory sound field with specific intermediates. By contrast a magnetic field offers further discriminatory effect upon specific intermediates in comparison to ultrasound. This allows a comparison between magnetoelectrochemical studies in the GDR with corresponding studies in COST D32 'Chemistry in High-energy Microenvironments', which has as one of its themes the study of sound waves in electrochemistry.
!Plasmas and turbulence
The main goal is to investigate the physics of turbulence phenomena in conducting fluids, including plasmas and magnetofluids and with particular reference to experimental activities to be developed in the framework of the present GRDE. The work involved will concern the development both of theoretical and numerical studies to provide better understanding of the complex phenomena, both at the macroscopic and microscopic (i.e., kinetic) level, which are relevant for the description and simulation of the of turbulence phenomena in fluids. Although familiar to the scientific community, turbulence in fluids still represents, in many respects, an unsolved problem both from the theoretical and experimental viewpoints. A particularly interesting aspect concerns the phenomenology of small-scale turbulence in incompressible or weakly compressible fluids. In fact, although several experiments have been made on turbulence phenomena, few of them concern the study of small-scale phenomena. The difficulty is further increased when comparisons with experimental results on real fluids, particularly conducting fluids, are attempted.
The statistical character of turbulence is well known. It is the result of three possible different mechanisms: a) stochastic initial state of the fluid, b) stochastic boundary conditions and c) stochastic evolution. The first two (a and b) may be considered as consequences of the fact that the initial or boundary state of the fluid (specified by its fluid fields) may not be known deterministically, as implied by measurement errors; instead the stochastic evolution can be viewed either as due to stochastic forcing or simply to the effect of the numerical errors involved in the approximate solution methods for the fluid equations (and hence related to suitable spatial and time discretizations scales on which these methods may rely). Following famous papers of Kolmogorov several theoretical investigations based on stochastic models have been devoted to the construction of the structure functions for fully developed small-scale turbulence. However, despite the progress achieved in modelling key features of the basic phenomenology, the calculation of the structure functions remains, nevertheless, a problem far from being considered solved not only for fully developed turbulence, but more generally for so-called non-asymptotic regimes, characterized by finite Reynolds numbers, non-stationary, non-isotropic turbulence, etc.
Even if still missing is a complete and consistent theory-based statistical description of turbulence, experimental investigations, to be performed both numerically and in the laboratory, are expected to provide new information and insight in the complex phenomenology of turbulence in conducting fluids.
<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:3em;line-height:0.8em;What is GAMAS ?>>
GAMAS (Group for the Applied ~MAgneto Sciences) is a European Research Network (“GDRE - Groupement de Recherche Européen”, in French) was created in january 2008 by [[CNRS|http://www.cnrs.fr]]. GAMAS is a cooperative structure connecting scientists involved in applied magneto-sciences, i.e. the application of magnetic field to control various processes.
!Objectives
The objectives of GAMAS are:
- to facilitate and to encourage contacts and exchanges between researchers,
- to encourage the development of cooperation within the scientific community it encompassed or with third parties,
- to promote consistency and compatibility in conference programming on its scientific project,
- to develop training actions for its scientific project,
- to coordinate and assist its members in developing multipartner programs responding to calls for proposals in national, European and international funding programs for research and technological development or scientific coordination activity.
! Research topics description
The domain of this GDRE is focussed on the applications of magnetic field in various domains (biology, medicine, energy, materials), at various scales (nano and macro technology). The structure of this GDRE will be composed a the beginning by 6 working groups, two are transverse and base for one to the theoretical approach about turbulence under magnetic field at high and small magnetic Reynolds number, and for the other one to the conception and use of intense magnetic fields. A detailed description of the 6 working groups can be found through the following links:
|>|>|>| WG1: Intense Magnetic Field |
| WG2: Magneto Static | WG3: Applied MHD | WG4: Magnetic Forces in bio- and nanotechnologies| WG5: Magneto Electrolysis and Fuell Cells|
|>|>|>| WG6: Plasmas and Turbulence |
! Organization
More details about the [[Gamas Organization]] ...
<<gradient horiz #600 #F00>>color:#ffffff;font-size:3em;line-height:0.8em;~Magneto-Science Wiki>>
!To be announced !